Nancy Reagan, the former first lady and widow of President Ronald Reagan died on Sunday in California at age 94. Front pages around the world are remembering her life. The stories all talk about the powerful love between Nancy and Ronald and her impactful role as first lady. When highlighting her advocacy, one of the first things that often pops up is her starring role in President Reagan’s embrace and amplification of the war on drugs. Nancy’s “Just Say No” campaign became her signature issue and a defining legacy for both her and her husband.
Having spent the last 16 years working at the Drug Policy Alliance, an organization that believes the war on drugs is a failure and drug use should be treated as a health issue, not a criminal issue, Nancy and Ronald Reagan bring up a lot of emotions for me. While the press often talk about their strength, love and optimism, I see two people who are most responsible for our country’s mass incarceration and destruction of millions of people’s lives.
Richard Nixon officially launched the drug war in 1971, but his war was modest compared to Reagan’s war. Reagan’s presidency marked the start of a long period of skyrocketing rates of incarceration, largely thanks to his unprecedented expansion of the drug war. The number of people behind bars for nonviolent drug law violations increased from 50,000 in 1980 to more than 400,000 by 1997.
Who can forget Nancy Reagan sitting in classrooms and all over our television sets with her simplistic “Just Say No” campaign? It was during this time that the DARE programs were implemented in schools across the country, despite their lack of effectiveness. Los Angeles Police Chief Daryl Gates, who believed that “casual drug users should be taken out and shot,” founded the DARE program, which was quickly adopted nationwide.
The Reagans’ “war at home” was not only ineffective, it was disastrous. Upon taking office in 1981, Reagan shifted drug control resources from health agencies to the Department of Justice. It was under Reagan’s guidance in 1986 that the worst of the federal mandatory minimum drug laws were passed into law. These laws included the crack sentencing guidelines that meant that someone possessing just 5 grams (two sugar packets) worth of crack received an automatic 5 years in prison. These laws filled our prisons for decades with low-level drug users.
The irony is that Ronald Reagan’s own daughter developed a cocaine problem, but I don’t imagine the Reagans pushed for her to serve 5 years in a cage for her addiction. No, it was African Americans, who despite using drugs at similar rates as whites, were targeted by law enforcement and incarcerated at grossly disproportionate rates.
Ronald Reagan’s harsh drug policies not only led to exploding prisons, they blocked expansion of syringe exchange programs and other harm reduction policies that could have prevented hundreds of thousands of people from contracting HIV and dying from AIDS.
While Ronald and Nancy Reagan were demonizing people who use drugs at home, their foreign policy objectives included funding the Contras in Nicaragua who played a role in flooding Los Angeles and other cities in the United States with crack cocaine.
While the press attention being given to Nancy’s passing obviously mentions Nancy’s passion around young people and drugs, the coverage often doesn’t do enough to contextualize the Reagans’ radical escalation of the drug war. We don’t hear enough about the exploding prison populations that continue today to bankrupt our state budgets. We don’t hear enough about the war on science and public health that led to so many people contracting HIV – even though the evidence was and still is clear that providing access to syringes does not increase drug use and helps save lives. And we don’t hear enough about the militarization of our country, from cops in the schools to SWAT teams routinely breaking down doors.
While Nancy and Ronald Reagan are no longer with us physically, the public hysteria that they whipped up and the draconian, zero-tolerance drug policies that were implemented in the 1980s, are still alive and kicking today.
Tony Newman is the director of media relations at the Drug Policy Alliance (www.drugpolicy.org)
Author: Tony Newman
Date Published: March 7, 2016
Published by Drug Policy Alliance